Before you can be legally evicted from your apartment, the landlord must begin a case against you in Court (generally, in the Housing Part of the Civil Court of New York or in State Supreme Court). The rent must be demanded, (either in writing or orally) before the landlord can begin a case. Then you must be served with papers called a "Non-Payment Petition" and "Notice of Petition". Sometimes these papers are called a "dispossess."

Do not ignore any legal papers, notices, or postcards that come from the Court. Read them carefully. If you ignore these papers and do not go to Court, you may be evicted.

Answering the Non-Payment Petition

Read your papers. The non-payment petition states that you should go to Court within 5 days to answer; it also states the address of the Court. Go immediately with your nonpayment petition to your borough housing Court and see the landlord/tenant clerk.

Be ready to give your answer to the clerk, either orally or in writing. If you want to write your response, you can get the form from the clerk's office. Once you have filed the form with the clerk, you must send a copy to your landlord or his/her attorney (if the landlord has one). Your answer is your chance to state your defenses and/or any counterclaims you may have. Most tenants choose to answer verbally. You should tell the clerk your answer and then he/she will check off your defenses and give you a copy, with the date, time, room number and which part of the housing court you will return to.

You might want to consider using the following questions as a guideline in determining your answer.

Service

How did you receive your Court papers? Were you properly served as required by law? Proper service is achieved when:

• Personal Service-You are hand delivered a copy of the petition (by someone who is 18 years old or older and not a party to the case) or
• Substitute Service- Someone (of legal age), who lives in your apartment, is given the Petition at your address and you are sent copies by certified and regular mail or
• Conspicuous Service-The Court papers are taped to, or slid under your door, followed by copies that are sent by certified and regular mail.

If you did not receive your court papers by any of the above methods you may have been served improperly. Be sure to tell the Clerk.

Parties

• Is your name spelled correctly in the Court papers?
• Is there another person whose name should appear in the Court papers, i.e., a roommate or a spouse?
• Is the person, corporation or company who has filed the case against you the owner of your building? If you are unsure who owns the building, you can get assistance at the Information Table.

Rent

• Were you asked to pay the rent, either orally or in writing, before receiving Court papers?
• Did the landlord refuse to take your rent?
• Is the amount of rent being claimed by the landlord incorrect? The rent being claimed may be incorrect because it is not the legal registered rent. (This applies to rent stabilized and rent controlled apartments. To find out the legal registered rent or rent history for your apartment, you can contact the Division of Housing and Community Renewal in your borough.)
• Is the monthly rent being claimed different from the amount in your lease?
• Has the rent been partially or fully paid?

Apartment

• Are there conditions in your apartment, which need repair or services that are not being provided?
• Are you receiving public assistance and there are Housing Code violations in your apartment or building?
• Are you living in an illegal apartment? An illegal apartment is one in which the landlord does not have a valid Certificate of Occupancy from the Department of Buildings.

Other

• Did you pay for repairs, utilities, or services, that should have been provided by your landlord?
• Has your personal property been damaged because your landlord failed to provide proper repairs or services?
• Do you have any other reason(s) for believing that you do not owe the landlord some or part of the amount being claimed?
• Does the rent demand and petition accurately state for which months you owe rent?

If your answer to any of these questions is yes, you might want to put in a counterclaim. A counterclaim is a specific amount of money that you feel the landlord owes you. You should have receipts to support any counterclaims you may make. Please be sure to briefly state the reason(s) for counterclaim and the specific dollar amount being claimed.

When answering your non-payment petition, you may use one or more of the above reasons as defenses, depending on the specific facts of your case. Be sure to inform the clerk of any defenses that apply to you. You should, also, check to make sure the clerk has recorded your answers appropriately. You will receive a copy of the clerk's record of your answer in the following format:

CIVIL COURT OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK

County of _________________                                                         Index No.:

            Housing Part

________________________________________

LANDLORD/TENANT

ANSWER IN PERSON

Petitioner(s),

-against-                                                          Address:

                                                                                                 ___________________________

Respondent(s)                         ___________________Apt.____

________________________________________

            Respondent has appeared and has orally answered the Petition as follows:

Answer

SERVICE

1. _____ The Respondent did not receive a copy of the Petition and Notice of Petition.

2. _____ The Respondent received the Petition and Notice of Petition, but service was not correct as required by law.

PARTIES

3. _____ The Respondent is indicated improperly, by the wrong name, or is not indicated on the Petition and Notice of Petition.

4. _____ The Petitioner is not the Landlord or Owner of the building.

RENT

5. _____ The Respondent was not asked, either orally or in writing, to pay the rent before the Petition and Notice of Petition.

6. _____ The Respondent tried to pay the rent, but the Petitioner refused to accept it.

7. _____ The monthly rent being requested is not the legal rent or the amount on the current lease.

8. _____ The Petitioner owes money to the Respondent because of a rent overcharge.

9. _____ The rent, or a portion of the rent, has already been paid to the Petitioner.

APARTMENT

10. ____ There are conditions in the apartment which need to be repaired and/or services which the Petitioner has not provided.

11. ____ The Respondent receives Public Assistance and there are Housing Code violations in the apartment or the building.

12. ____ The apartment is an illegal apartment.

OTHER

13. ____ General Denial.

14. ____ Other Answer __________________________________________________________________________________________

                ______________________                                                                                                    _______________________

Dated                                                                                                                                      Clerk's Initials

NOTICE OF SCHEDULED APPEARANCE

This case is scheduled to appear on the calendar as follows:

DATE: _________________ TIME: __________              PART: __________                               ROOM: __________

YOU SHOULD ARRIVE AT THE COURTHOUSE AT LEAST ONE HALF HOUR BEFORE THE ABOVE SCHEDULED TIME, TO ALLOW TIME TO BE PROCESSED THROUGH THE METAL DETECTORS. IF A SETTLEMENT IS NOT REACHED ON THE ABOVE SCHEDULED DATE THE CASE MAY BE SENT TO A TRIALREADY PART FOR A TRIAL. IF YOU WILL NOT BE READY FOR TRIAL ON THE ABOVE SCHEDULED DATE, YOU MUST ASK THE COURT FOR ANOTHER TRIAL DATE. IF THE COURT DOES NOT ACCEPT YOUR REASON FOR NOT BEING READY FOR TRIAL, AND YOUR REQUEST FOR ANOTHER TRIAL DATE IS DENIED, YOU MAY BE REQUIRED TO PROCEED TO TRIAL IMMEDIATELY.

THE CLERK CANNOT CHANGE THE SCHEDULED DATE OR TIME.

YOU MUST APPEAR AND BRING THIS FORM WITH YOU.

CIV-LT-91-i (Revised, June, 1999)